Solid, liquid and gas; characteristics - shape, volume, density; change of state- melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, sublimation.
Elements, compounds and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogenous mixtures, colloids and suspensions.
Atoms and molecules, Law of constant proportions, Atomic and molecular masses.
Relationship of mole to mass of the particles and numbers.
Electrons, protons and neutrons, valency, chemical formula of common compounds. Isotopes and Isobars.
Basic Unit of life: Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.
Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematic and Permanent tissues in plants).
Diversity of plants and animals - basic issues in scientific naming, basis of classification. Hierarchy of categories / groups, Major groups of plants (salient features) (Bacteria, Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms). Major groups of animals (salient features) (Non-chordates upto phyla and chordates upto classes).
Health and its failure. Infectious and Non-infectious diseases, their causes and manifestation. Diseases caused by microbes (Virus, Bacteria and Protozoans) and their prevention; Principles of treatment and prevention. Pulse Polio programmes.
Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, derivation of equations of motion by graphical method; elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces, Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration. Elementary idea of conservation of Momentum.
Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity), Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall.
Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy; Elementary idea of Relative Density.
Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Law of conservation of energy.
Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing in humans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo and SONAR. Structure of the Human Ear (Auditory aspect only).
Air, Water, Soil. Air for respiration, for combustion, for moderating temperatures; movements of air and its role in bringing rains across India. Air, water and soil pollution (brief introduction). Holes in ozone layer and the probable damages.
Water, Oxygen, Carbon and Nitrogen.
Selection for quality improvement and management; Use of fertilizers and manures; Protection from pests and diseases; Organic farming.
video_library Rich Learning Content
assessment Quizzes & Projects
verified_user Taught by Industry Pros
timer Full Lifetime Access
forum Student Support Community
grade Certificate of Completion